Monday, 11 June 2007
Morningstar的選股藝術
他認為個人投資是一件不容易的事情, 你必須付出自己的努力先可以成功. 每個人都要擁有自己的投資哲學, 不要人云亦云. 挑選好股票是相當困難, 所以要集中在公司的基本面上分析, 學習關注公司的現金流和忘記股價, 對自己的投資要有信心和勇氣去做長期持有.
整本書是圍繞5個原則去作詳細的講解, 最可貴的是擁有針對不同行業的分析, 包裝金融(銀行, 保險, 財富管理), 公用事業, 能源行業, 工業原料和設備, 電信, 消費品, 傳巢, 電腦的軟硬件, 商業服務業等等....
1. 做好你的功課
作者指出,當投資者聽到一個投資建議,便希望在股價開始上升前馬上買入股份,但他們其實應該冷靜地判斷,花時間研究一家公司,以免作出不適當的投資決定。作者認為如不知道公司裡裡外外的詳細情況,就不應買入那家公司的股票;而要瞭解公司,就要花時間坐下來把年報及過去的財務報表從頭讀一遍並仔細研究行業的競爭者。
2. 尋找競爭優勢
能夠從眾多公司中脫穎而出,很大程度上是由於公司在行業中具競爭優勢。競爭優勢可保一小部份公司的利潤,多年維持於平均之上的水平。一般來說,保持超額利潤時間愈長,股份長線投資回報便愈好,這些公司就是最好的長線投資對象。
3. 擁有安全邊際
所謂安全邊際,就是買入價應設在低於心目中的合理價值一段距離。作者舉例說,如果你認為可口可樂公司的PE應為50倍,那麼便應該等待PE回落至40倍才購買,這樣即使你後來發現你對公司的前景過於樂觀,亦可以因為設置了這個緩衝區而減低損失。作者表示,沒有股票年復一年地直線上升因此,如果等候時間夠長,大多數可以成功等候股價回落至出現較大折扣才買入。
4. 長期持有
投資者應把買股票視作重大的購買行為。作者指大家既不會一年買賣汽車、冰箱或者DVD機50次,也就不應經常買賣股票這種重要投資。作者認為不應該入短線投資的一大原因,是資金會複合增長,如果股票買賣頻繁,其間所扣除的買賣成本,會令最終的投資回報大受影響。
5. 知道何時賣出
最理想的情況是可以長期持有股份,但事實上幾乎沒有公司值得持有幾十年。此外,很少投資者只買入值一得長期持有的股份,因蹗知道何時賣出股份比何時買入更為重要。不會賣得太早或太遲的關鍵,是要不斷關注所持有股份的那家公司。他認為買入股票的公司新聞及行業信息,遠比你一天看20次股價有用,因為股價的短線上落,無助預測股份的走勢變化;股價的長遠走勢,很大程度上是取決於公司未來現金流的變化,而並非股份的過往表現。
另外有7項要避免的錯誤 :
1、虛幻的目標
2、相信這次與以往不同:必須成為市場歷史的學生
3、陷入對公司產品的偏愛, 搞清行業和商業模式
4、在市場下跌時驚慌失措:股票有吸引力的時候通常是沒人想買的時候,“最悲觀的時候是最好的買入時機”
5、試圖選擇市場時機 “市場時機的選擇是一個空前的神化,沒有一種策略能夠持續不斷地告訴你,何時該入市,何時清倉離場,而且也沒有人能夠做到這一點,否則就會有市場選時服務機構向你兜售生意了。”
6、忽視估值, 避免用過份高估的價錢買入股份, 注著安全邊際.
7、依賴盈利資料作分析:現金流重要性遠遠超過盈利,因為利潤太好調節了
競爭優勢:
作者相當著重公司的競爭能力, 在競爭力分析方面, 同在商科學到的知識差不多, 亦是應用價值鏈去分析. 分析一家公司的競爭優勢,遵循以下四個步驟:
1、評估公司歷史上的盈利能力Free Cash Flow(FCF):公司可以每年提取但不致損害核心業務的資金(強大的FCF是競爭優勢的極好信號)FCF/Revenue 告訴你每單位銷售收入轉換成超額利潤的比例淨利潤:算算銷售淨利率(淨利潤/銷售收入),另一個角度考察公司的盈利能力Returns on Equity(ROE):每1元投資產生的利潤,好工具,注意存在一些缺陷Returns on Assets(ROA):度量資產轉化成利潤的效率考察上述四個指標是,注意考察多年的資料(連貫性),作為估值,5年至少,最好10年其他指標:Return on Invested Capital,ROIC. 然後估計Weighted Average Cost of Capital,WACC
2、建立競爭優勢當企業試圖建立競爭優勢時,企業戰略比所處行業更重要!!檢驗公司競爭優勢的來源時,要不停地問“為什麼”,從公司、競爭者和消費者的角度;一般而言一家公司要建立足夠的競爭優勢有5條途徑
1)通過出眾的技術或特色創造真實的產品差異化:無法持久,保持產品和技術始終領先一步,非常困難, 大量研發費用...偶爾會取得巨額超額利潤和股票收益,但是很難保持(提防依靠獨立創新保持競爭 優勢的公司)
2)通過一個信任的品牌或剩餘創造可感知的產品差異化:品牌的力量。注意:有些行業品牌沒什麼用.
3)降低成本並以更低的價格提供相似的產品和服務:DELL,在產品和服務很難區分的情況下,低成本策略通常非常起作用。原因:工序優秀(DELL) or 規模效益(很難超越,固定成本的杠杆優勢)
4)通過創造高的轉換成本鎖定消費者:競爭優勢的精細類型,比如銀行、軟體、醫療器械......
5)通過建立高進入壁壘把競爭者阻擋在外面:專利權、特許權(製藥公司、高通,注意考察是否依賴單一 專利或特許權,能保持多久).
3、能夠持續多久:競爭優勢的壽命深度上是能賺多少錢;寬度上是能保持多長時間(科技型公司常擁有很強但很窄的競爭優勢)很難準確評估,但至少思考能持續一兩年、幾年或者很多年, 一般技術較短,成本、品牌、鎖定或阻擋各不相同,但很難得出統一的結論
4、行業分析對行業的基本情況、毛利率、發展階段等具有一個初步的印象,可以尋找行業前幾名的公司做大致分析
Sunday, 27 May 2007
國歌
把你們的資金 全部投入誘人的股市
中華民族 到了 最瘋狂的時候
每個人都激情地發出買入的吼聲!
快漲、快漲、快漲!
我們萬眾一心 懷暴富的夢想
前進!前進!懷暴富的夢想
前進!前進!進!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IyMn8PLSSns
Sunday, 20 May 2007
龜兔賽跑 - 介紹西格爾的增長率陷阱
脫苦海Tokuhon=>
筆者早幾天問了一個問題:
「長線投資以下兩隻股票,並將股息全數買入原股(或者以股代息),邊一隻會跑贏? A. 煤氣 B. 港燈」
結果大部份的答案均是A.煤氣,只有一位網友答B.港燈。這一點也不奇怪,煤氣是長期的高增長股,加上在國內市場大展拳腳,而且完全沒有續期的問題;反觀港燈,年年都要申請加價來維持准許利潤,零八年續約還是未知之數,海外投資連連失利。但可以有一位朋友獨排眾議呢?原來同筆者一樣,也看過西格爾(Jeremy J. Siegel)最新著作──《投資者的未來》。
先讓筆者解答上面的問題。
雅虎財經提供最遠的資料是2000年1月,筆者就以2000年1月至今來計算:
煤氣股價上升71%,港燈上升66%,相差5個百份點。
煤氣共派息$2.33,港燈共派息$11.175,相差4.8倍。
2000年1月以$100,000購入10,050股煤氣,收到股息後以該月收市價全數購入煤氣,至2007年4月底獲得12,296股,市值$228,704,增長129%
2000年1月以$100,000購入4,158股港燈,收到股息後以該月收市價全數購入港燈,至2007年4月底獲得5,954股,市值$233,709,增長134%
結果:港燈跑贏煤氣2.2%
為甚麼會出現這種違反常識的結果?這種現象是巧合還是具有普遍性?筆者先解答第一個問題。
股票 3煤氣 6港燈
市盈率 17.64 12.43
息率 1.87 4.64
派息比率 33% 58%
1. 煤氣的市場預期回本期(市盈率)比港燈長42%,令煤氣的實際增長率需要遠遠高於港燈才能追上
2. 港燈的派息比煤氣高2.5倍,將股息再投資的結果是港燈股東能更快地累積股票
3. 港燈把更多盈利派回股東,一方面使股東能動用更多資金增持股份,二方面公司保留盈利及資產降低,能使股東以更低價增持
到第二個問題,筆者列出同期幾類主要藍籌「龜兔賽跑」的結果:
銀行股 005匯豐:$208,337 011恆生:$206,656
地產股 001長實:$123,629 012恆地:$139,376 016新地:$152,142
工商股 013和黃:$80,890 019太古:$294,117
公用股 002中電:$232,741 003煤氣:$228,704 006港燈:$233,709
四類股票中,居然是公用股跑贏,甚至連匯豐也無法跑贏港燈這類低增長股。表現最差的,並不是飽受樓市摧殘的地產股,反而是當年因為3G交易打破香港有史以來盈利最高紀錄的和黃。而十隻股票中,表現最佳的居然是被人目為沒有突破性,且會被長期不景的航運及航空業拖累的太古!這又說明甚麼?西格爾 著《投資者的未來》提供了答案。
沃頓商學院金融學教授傑瑞米·西格爾(Jeremy Siegel)最近回顧道:‘哪些股票值得長期投資?’出人意料的結論是:對投資者來說,最好的股票並不是那些熱門的新行業的股票。在更多情況下,最好的股票是那些乏味傳統的公司,也就是那些出售香煙,挖掘石油,兜售軟飲料和口香糖的公司。西格爾總結說,投資者可以在指數投資的基礎上進一步提高,持有那些市盈率較低,分紅比例較高的股票,並且在股票投資組合中持有40%外國股票。“指數投資是個好東西,”他在一次採訪中說道。“但是現在,我做了所有的研究,我認為我們可以做的更好。”恰當的組合能夠使年度回報在指數投資的基礎上增加一到兩個百分比,他指出。“成長陷阱”是什麼因素令那些較為平淡的傳統股票的表現超過那些令人激動的創新者呢?“答案很簡單,”西格爾在書中寫道。“雖然新公司在收益、銷售甚至市場價值等方面都要比老公司增長的快,但是投資者購買股票的價格過高,使得投資難以取得良好的回報。高股價就意味著較低的紅利收益,因此通過紅利再投資獲得的股票也少。”西格爾把這稱為“成長陷阱”——投資者之所以傾向于花較高的價錢購買高成長性的公司股票,很大程度上是因為他們對公司未來的成長期望過高。從1950年到2003年,IBM的平均股價為其年收益的26.76倍,而標準石油的股價為其收益的12.97倍。IBM的紅利收益(每年的紅利除以股價)為2.18%,而標準石油則是5.19%.標準石油較高的紅利收益讓其股東能夠獲得更多的股票,形成滾雪球效應。“分紅非常重要,”西格爾說。“紅利再投資是很多長期成功的股票的關鍵優勢所在……股票投資的回報不是看收益的增長,而是單純取決於這一收益增長是不是超過了投資者的預期。對增長的預期也體現在市盈率上。投資標準普爾500工業指數成分股中市盈率較低的股票,能夠為投資者帶來比投資標準普爾500指數高出3%的回報。如果投資其中市盈率較高的股票,那麼每年的回報則要比指數低2%。”
筆者無意在這裏再重複西格爾的論點,各位希望學習選股的讀者,請找這本書閱讀一下。如果大家認為這個經多年數據論證的理論是合理的話,可以預期目前以高市盈率(P/E)低息率搶購當炒股的人,在中長期來講將會付出代價,不如集中精神從低市盈率高息率的成份股中找「驚喜股」吧!
Sunday, 8 April 2007
翻雲覆雨設局挖坑 投資者小心替別人高位接盤
證券日報 袁元
資產注入 小心真經念歪
近來的股市上,可真的說得上是熱鬧非常。而尤為引人注目的,則是在近年來一直被市場所唾棄的垃圾股來了個"鹹魚大翻身"。望著一個個坐上火箭騰空駕霧趾高氣揚的垃圾股,不禁使得剛剛領悟到"價值投資"理念真諦的投資者頓生感慨:到底是我們改變了股市,還是股市改變了我們。
據有關資料統計資料表明,僅僅就在上周,有100多隻個股創出了一年來的歷史新高,其中絕大部分是低價股。很多低價股在短短的一個月時間裏,股價上漲了 50%以上。目前,市場上3元以下個股已經被徹底消滅。更令人瞠目結舌的是,在已經幾乎被所有投資者遺忘的三板市場上,近來也是漲勢如虹,很多三板上的股票出現了只有買盤沒有賣盤的奇觀,有的股票一拉就是十來個漲停板,簡直就像是一匹脫韁的野馬闖入了無人之境。
在低價股和垃圾股橫衝直撞的背後,高高聳立著兩面大旗,其中一面上繡的是"資產注入",另一面上繡的則是"業績預增"。正是在這兩面光彩奪目的大旗照耀下,低價股才能一飛沖天,而臥槽其中的機構莊家則是張開了血盆大口,利用上市公司資訊披露上的不對稱,翻手為雲,覆手為雨,把中小投資者的血汗錢鯨吞於腹中。
資產注入,這個"看上去很美"的專業術語,是隨著我國上市公司股改的逐步深化而逐步流行起來的。其本意是上市公司的控股股東把自家的最優質的資產注入到上市公司裏面去,以有效改善上市公司的資產品質,進而提高上市公司的盈利能力與股價,從而達到控股股東與流通股股東"雙贏"的目的。例如,雲南銅業集團把自家的銅礦山資產注入到上市公司雲南銅業裏邊,使得雲南銅業的盈利能力發生了翻天覆地的變化,也促使雲南銅業的股價一路走高。而寶鋼集團的整體上市,則使得我國投資者可以分享到我國鋼鐵生產第一巨頭的超額利潤。
資產注入帶來的業績與股價齊飛的良好示範性,使得更多的投資者對具備資產注入題材的上市公司趨之若鶩。特別是對具備央企背景的上市公司,其股價稍有一點點風吹草動,滿市場便是資產注入的謠傳紛飛。傳言最為囂張之時,一天之內竟有7家上市公司公告澄清其並無整體上市或資產注入之事。一時間,不論是市場內的大小機構,還是廣大中小投資者,一個個是八仙過海,各顯神通,紛紛是削尖了腦袋四處打探上市公司的消息動向,以便及早抱上資產注入這個能下金蛋的胖娃娃。
天下熙熙,皆為利來,天下攘攘,皆為利往。資產注入這棵渾身放射著金光的大樹,也自然而然地引起了場內資本的關注。特別是對那些前幾年深陷熊市泥沼不能自拔的私募資金而言,由於其所持有的股票大多是低價股或是垃圾股,在2005-2006年的大牛市里,這些股票由於缺乏投資價值而不被市場主流資金如基金所看好,造成其股價漲幅甚微,私募資金無法從其中安全獲利而出。在這種背景下,私募資金要想從低價股或垃圾股中全身而退,不得不走"設局"或是"挖坑"的老路。
恰恰就在此時,有著央企背景的上市公司或是資產注入,或是整體上市,在市場上得到了主流資金和投資者的高度認可。資產注入,這個本來看上去與低價股或垃圾股沒什麼緣分的新概念,成了私募資金操盤人眼中的一根救命稻草。
既然績優類上市公司可以借助資產注入攀上百元股價的新高峰,那麼只要玩好"資產注入"這盤棋,低價股的股價也能借此翻上幾個跟頭。現在的關鍵就在於怎麼布好低價股"資產注入"這盤棋局。
長期沉浸于股市的投資者都知道,低價股之所以低價,主要是因為其資產品質太差。而其控股股東也因為缺乏足夠的實力,對上市公司愛莫能助。在這種狀況下,要想玩好"資產注入"這步棋,還真的好好花一番心思才行。
一是娶新驅舊。由來聞得新人笑,有誰聽到舊人哭。從資本逐利的本性出發,對於低價股那些原有的控股股東而言,找一個有錢或是有題材的新東家取而代之是最為常用的方法,而且只要是市場上喜歡的題材就先不分青紅皂白地裝進去再說。例如去年以來礦產資源類的資產注入最受市場投資者的喜愛,山東的一家上市公司通過把虧損資產置換出來和把鐵礦資產的注入,股價自去年底起在短短的三個月內翻了一番,涉足其中的資本賺的是眉開眼笑。可當愛打破砂鍋問到底的投資者對該公司注入的資產細一思量,卻發現其礦產資源可采量維持不了幾年。不過當注入的礦產資源竭盡時,這些"玩一把就走"的遊資也早就開溜啦,沒准正坐在屋裏數錢呢。
二是大玩"莫須有"的遊戲。這裏面玩得最好的當屬炒作杭蕭鋼構的機構啦。機構嫌單玩"資產注入"還不夠過癮,乾脆製造出一個在安哥拉接到一個300多億元項目大單的故事。促使杭蕭鋼構一連拉出了10個漲停板,創造出中國主板市場上又一個新紀錄。不過,再大的牛皮也有吹破的時候,凡事過則不及。這不,機構到手的利潤還沒搬回家,就被證監會抓了個現行。
三是偷天換日。為了攀上"資產注入"這棵大樹,遊資們是有資產要往上市公司裏面裝,沒有資產創造虛擬資產也要往裏面裝。利用如今便利的互聯網,遊資們雇了一些槍手在網上四處煽風點火,一會說這個公司有優質資產要注入,一會說那個公司要整體上市,撓的投資者心裏直癢癢。並借機在二級市場上興風作浪,總之就是一個目的,那就是"騙你沒商量"。遊資們打著"消滅 3元股"的大旗,在"資產注入"的幌子下,把那些扭虧無望的老垃圾公司策劃包裝為一個清純秀麗的新可人招搖過市,趁機把看客們的腰包洗了個精光。
從國際金融資本市場的發展歷程上來看,"資產注入"本來是上市公司通過優質資產的注入做大作強的手段,可當它被引進到中國證券市場才一年多的光景,在遊資的軟硬誘導下,這本原本用於發展我國證券市場的"真經"正在被念歪。投資者,可要睜大你們的眼睛,學會孫悟空的火眼金睛辨妖術,讓那些"假注入、真斂財"的機構們無處遁形。
在三千中放松自己,在三千中回味过去……
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只奥运题材股票,
后市还会继续买入其它奥运题材股票。
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只世博题材股票,
后市还会继续买入其它世博题材股票。
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只整体上市概念股票,
后市还会继续买入其它整体上市概念股票。
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只实质优质资产注入股票,
后市还会继续买入其它实质优质资产注入股票。
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只借壳上市的股票,
后市还会继续买入其它借壳上市的股票。
大盘上三千了,
我买入了一只高送转的股票,
后市还会继续买入其它高送转的股票。
大盘上三千了,
三千是头部中继还是上升中继?
大盘上三千了,
三千肯定有人看多有人看空就象一千时也有人看多有人看空;
大盘上三千了,
三千大盘想上容易要跌也容易;
大盘上三千了,
三千里有钻石也有垃圾;
大盘上三千了,
三千中的操作就象一千点操作一样;
三千上了还会下,
三千下了还要上,
在三千中放松自己,
在三千中回味过去……
Friday, 6 April 2007
IPO report - China Citic Bank
By Anette Jönsson 3 April 2007
Sources suggest the Chinese lender may raise more than $4 billion from the dual listing with a small portion going to cornerstone investors.
It isn’t the first and certainly not the largest, but the upcoming listing of China Citic Bank could provide a genuine test of investor appetite for Chinese financial stocks and indeed for the country’s growth story.
So far, the Mainland banks that have listed in Hong Kong have all been either one size bigger than the previous one that came to market or – in the case of China Merchants Bank - the first private sector lender to seek an offshore listing. Citic Bank is neither and some investors say this means it will have to rely a lot more on an attractive valuation to get the deal done.
Several bankers close to the lender disagree, however, and argue that Citic Bank, which is the country’s seventh largest commercial bank with total assets of Rmb706 billion ($91 billion) and 446 branches has enough clout on its own to draw in the buyers. It is widely regarded as a private sector bank even though its parent company has links to the central government, and will be only the second such bank to list in Hong Kong.
The key selling points include a leading corporate banking franchise; the fact that it is one of the fastest growing national banks with a high penetration in China’s affluent eastern coastal regions; and its position as one of the most profitable national banks in China judged by its average pre-tax return on assets of 1.2% in 2006. It also has one of the lowest cost-to-income ratios among the national banks at 51.6%.
Citic is also expected to benefit from being part of the Citic Group, which is the third largest enterprise in China and a significant player within the financial space generally. The parent also has a wider national footprint than the China Merchants Group, which includes China Merchants Bank, suggesting its group-related growth possibilities are larger.
On top of that, the deal is likely to tap into the huge amount of liquidity looking for China exposure.
“Banks are the epitome of a macro-play and I would argue that there is a lot more money chasing after the China macro story than there is bank paper, even if you include the likes of ICBC,” says one observer. Given the run-up in the share prices of other Mainland banks since their listings, investors should be keen to pick up newcomers at an IPO discount, he adds.
“After ICBC and China Merchants bank, people were saying that the market had had enough of these macro stories, and argued that the banks would need to differentiate themselves as portfolio managers were only going to own two,” adds a banker close to the deal. “But the more I look at this, I think Citic is another play on China’s macro story. It has some good angles to it, but the China macro story is still very alive in the equities market if you talk to investors.”
The Beijing-based bank yesterday (April 2) passed the final hurdle for a dual listing in Hong Kong and Shanghai when the Mainland regulators approved the A-share portion of the deal and is now set to launch what will become the largest Hong Kong IPO since Industrial and Commercial Bank of China’s massive $21.9 billion offering in October last year.
Market talk suggests Citic Bank could raise more than $4 billion from the combined H- and A-share offering, including shares that will be issued to its two strategic investors – Spanish lender Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria and the group’s Hong Kong-listed bank holding company Citic International Financial Holdings - as they exercise their anti-dilution options. BBVA currently owns 4.8% of the company, while CIFH has a 15.2% stake.
The H-share offer, which is available to international investors, will comprise 3.45 billion new shares or 9% of the bank plus approximately another 1.5 billion shares that will go to BBVA and CIFH, resulting in a total 12.9% of the company being sold in the form of H-shares. There will also be a greenshoe, which is expected to account for about 15% of the total H-share offering. If so (the final size has yet to be determined, according to people in the know) it would lift the portion of the company held by H-shareholders and BBVA combined to 14.8%.
In addition, the company will sell 2.3 billion new A-shares, corresponding to 6% of the company, to domestic Chinese investors. According to sources familiar with the offering, there will be no greenshoe for the A-share portion of the deal.
Pre-greenshoe and excluding the shares to be taken up by BBVA and CIFH, the H-share sale will account for 60% of the offering, or around $2 billion, while the A-share portion will account for 40%.
While the percentages are pretty much fixed by now, the dollar amounts can still change as the company and its five joint bookrunners have yet to decide on what valuation to use. An indicative price range will be set before Citic Bank launches the official roadshow just after the Easter Holidays on April 10.
According to investors, post listing it would be reasonable for Citic Bank to trade at a discount to China Merchants Bank, which is more profitable and is also benefiting from an early mover advantage within the retail banking and wealth management business, but at a premium to the big state-owned banks on the basis of the private banks being more nimble and having greater growth potential. However, investors say there is still a question about how much Citic Bank will leave on the table in the form of an IPO discount.
China Merchants’ H-shares currently trade at a 2007 price to book multiple of about 3.8 times, while ICBC trades at 2.8 times and Bank of China at 2.1 times. Bank of Communications, which is also state-owned but supported by the fact that HSBC holds a 20% stake, trades at about 3.5 times expected book value.
One of the challenges for the bookrunners will be to set the price range at a level that also accounts to some extent for the fact that the A-shares of the listed Mainland banks trade at significant premiums to the H-shares - ranging from 16% for China Merchants Bank (whose A-shares trades at 2007 P/B multiple of 4.4 times) to 28.6% for ICBC and 45% for BOC.
As such, it is highly likely that Citic Bank’s IPO price will look like a bargain for A-share investors and end up attract large numbers of speculative buyers, resulting in reduced allocations for everyone. However, sources say the price range will be the same for both the H- and A-share tranches (adjusted for the exchange rate), and will be set in relation to the valuations in the H-share market.
“I’m sure the banks on the H-share deal will be under quite a lot of pressure to maximise valuation because the H-share deal will be a lag on pricing,” one observer notes.
Five percent of the H-share offering of 3.45 billion shares will be earmarked for Hong Kong retail investors initially, although this could increase to 20% if a full clawback is triggered. Most of the remaining 95% will be offered to institutional investors, but a portion will also be set aside for three to five cornerstone investors, according to sources.
These will consist primarily of financial institutions, some of which were said to have been in discussions with Citic Bank about buying a strategic stake back when BBVA was invited aboard. The list of names is still being finalised, the sources say, but together they are expected to take up around 10% of the H-share offering.
These guys aside, one banker says this deal is still noticeable for the absence of a “tycoon tranche”, which has become almost a rule on large Mainland IPOs these days. While such pre-agreed orders can be helpful in terms of building confidence in a deal early in the roadshow, oftentimes they do also result in a significantly reduced allocation for other institutional investors – especially when there is a full clawback that cuts the institutional trance to 50%
A portion of the A-share offering will also go to cornerstones, sources say.
Between 2004 and 2006, Citic Bank achieved a compound annual growth rate of 19.4% for total assets, 22.9% for total loans, 19.2% for total deposits and 26.1% for net profit. The latter increased to Rmb3.9 billion ($505 million) in 2006.
The growth is however coming from a low base and the bank is still catching up on fee-income oriented businesses such as retail banking and wealth management which are typically regarded as key growth areas, notes one specialist. For now, its real strength continues to lie in its corporate banking franchise, which generated 79% of its income last year, but the retail side of the business does have “hidden potential,” he says.
The bank has reduced its non-performing loan ratio to 2.5% at the end of last year from 6.3% two years earlier. The bank did, however, receive capital injections totalling Rmb7.4 billion from Citic Group and CIFH on two occasions last year as it prepared for the stock market listing.
In 2005 it recorded a pre-tax profit per employee of Rmb520,000 ($67,350), which, according to a pre-listing information pack published by the bank, put it ahead of all other Mainland banks listed in Hong Kong or China. The pre-tax profit per head increased to Rmb620,000 in 2006.
Citic Securities, China International Capital Corp, Lehman Brothers, Citigroup and HSBC are joint bookrunners for the H-share portion of the offering. The trading debut is currently expected to take place on April 27.
Copyright FinanceAsia.com Ltd., a subsidiary of Haymarket Media Ltd